The team of researchers at the International School of Advanced Studies (SISSA) figured out the number of stellar black holes. They tracked down the evolution of stars in the universe. They calculated the frequency at which the binary star systems transform into black holes. The rate of formation of stars that could eventually transform into black holes was calculated.

Watch this video for the complete visual explanation of this discovery of black holes –

Or continue reading…

What is a black hole?

A black hole is an area of space where the gravitational field is so powerful that even light cannot escape. Because stuff has been crammed into such a small space, where the gravity is extremely powerful. Because no light can exit a black hole, no one can see it. That’s why black holes are undetectable. Space telescopes that are equipped with specialized pieces of equipment can help to detect black holes.

How big are these black holes?

Black holes can be large or small in size. Scientists believe that the tiniest black holes are as small as an atom. “Stellar” black holes are another kind of black hole. It has a mass up to 20 times that of the sun. “Supermassive” black holes are the largest. The aggregate mass of these black holes is more than a million suns.

Now, the next question arises- What Causes the Formation of Black Holes?

When the core of a massive star collapses in on itself, it creates a stellar black hole.

The scientists explored the demographics of stellar-mass black holes. They discovered that stellar-mass black holes hold about 1% of the Universe’s total ordinary (baryonic) stuff. Surprisingly, they discovered that the Universe contains approximately 40 trillion- 40 billion (i.e., about 40 x 1018, i.e., 4 followed by 19 zeros!) Of Black Holes.

As a result, there are a lot of black holes in the cosmos. And, come to think of it, this is only the first of what will likely be a series of papers. If this is where they’re starting, we’re looking forward to seeing what the SISSA team comes up with next.

Find the research paper HERE

Subscribe to our official YouTube channel to get 1 new video in every 2 days!

The post Scientists Calculated The Number of Black Holes in The Universe And It’s a Lot appeared first on Go Physics.

In astronomy what we know before the discovery of the Hubble Telescope and what we know after the Hubble Telescope is contrasting. But that is going to be changed very soon. Because James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is not only bigger than the Hubble but also about 100 times more powerful. We, humans, are incapable to create a machine that can take us to our past and future but we have definitely created a machine that certainly can help us to look back in time. NASA created the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The Hubble Space Telescope will be replaced by it. NASA Administrator James E. Webb, who served from 1961 to 1968 is honored with the telescope’s name. On December 25, 2021, JWST was launched aboard Ariane flight VA256.

Watch this video for the complete visual explanation of the James Webb Space Telescope –

Or continue reading…

It takes 10,000 years for light from an object 10,000 light-years away to reach Earth. So, the further out in space you look, the further back in time you are looking. We can look back in time by detecting infrared light. Because infrared light has been traveling across space for as long as 13.5 billion years. Engineers optimized James Webb for specifically detecting the faint infrared light. The James Webb Space Telescope will cover the wavelengths between 0.6 micrometers to 28 micrometers covering most of the infrared region. Thereby it will provide images of the first galaxies formed and will observe unexplored planets around distant stars.

Webb’s mirrors are coated with a golf ball’s worth of pure gold, allowing them to reflect infrared light more effectively. The typical thickness of the gold is 1000 Angstroms. This means the coating is so thin that human hair is 1,000 times thicker! A thin layer of amorphous (non-crystalline) sio2 or glass, is deposited on top of the gold to protect it from scratches. In comparison to the Hubble Space Telescope, James Webb’s camera has a 15-fold broader field of vision. It captures 6.25 times more light and the sensors are highly sensitive to infrared light.

Read Also: 

• NASA Has Detected The Water Vapor In The Atmosphere of Exoplanet: TOI-674B
• 7 Best Stargazing Apps – Free Astronomy Apps For Androids & iPhones

Then there arises the problem of a cosmic element called Dust. It absorbs visible light and works like a barrier between our telescope and the stars or galaxies we are trying to observe. But Webb’s primary infrared watching capabilities will penetrate through the problem. Thus, opening a newer more detailed view of the cosmos that we have never seen before. Webb’s heat-sensitive eyesight is shielded by a tennis-court-sized kite-shaped-sun shield. It provides the telescope with the equivalent of 1 million SPF protection.

The plan of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will be to stare deeply at one patch of sky over an extended period. It will gather as much light and information as possible from the most distant and oldest galaxies. It may be feasible to determine when and how the Dark Ages ended using this information, but there are still many other crucial discoveries to be uncovered. Unraveling this scenario, for example, could aid in explaining the nature of dark matter, a mysterious kind of matter that accounts for nearly 80% of the universe’s mass. Webb will not only watch the far side of the universe but also watch inside our solar system. Webb will unravel many things about our solar system that we have never known. It will also give us amazing pictures of planets and may help us to find planet 9. Well if it exists.

Subscribe to our official YouTube channel to get 1 new video in every 2 days!

The post Nasa’s James Webb Space Telescope Has Reached Its Final Destination appeared first on Go Physics.

Watch this video for the complete visual explanation of the discovery of the water vapor in the atmosphere of TOI-674B –

Or continue reading…

Exoplanets are the ones that orbit a star other than our Sun. The Hubble telescope measured its spectrum. It is located in the constellation called Antila. You can spot it in the southern celestial hemisphere. It is about 150 light-years away from the Earth. The mass of this exoplanet is 23 times the mass of Earth. It is close to its host star zipping around a red dwarf about every two days. The host star is cooler and less than half the size of our Sun. NASA says this planet will further be analyzed by the James Webb Space Telescope.

The amount of water can tell us that it was formed inside or outside the water ice line. But right now, scientists are unable to calculate the amount of water. Thought the atmosphere of TOI-674B is much easier to study than the other exoplanets. The discovery of planets in size-class between Neptune and Jupiter is extremely rare. So, this exoplanet is very important to us. Many questions remain to answer, like how much water vapor its atmosphere hold. Does this indicate the presence of life? The Webb promises a golden age study of exoplanet’s atmosphere to answer all such questions. We’ll bring to you the details of the James Webb Telescope in our future articles.

Subscribe to our official YouTube channel to get 1 new video in every 2 days!

The post NASA Has Detected The Water Vapor In The Atmosphere of Exoplanet: TOI-674B appeared first on Go Physics.

Watch this video for the complete visual explanation of this giant red star explode into a supernova –

Or continue reading…

When a star reaches its end then, it explodes releasing energy and chemicals into the universe; this dramatic yet spectacular explosion is known as Supernova. This journey of a star up to this supernova starts from its birth. The recipe for the formation of a star is very easy and it needs only a few ingredients like dust and gas. These ingredients are available in the universe is an abundant scale. Gravity is a chef here who combines these ingredients which leads to the formation of a hotter and denser core. Further, the hydrogen gas converts into helium due to an amazing process known as Nuclear Fusion. If a star is a vehicle, the core of helium acts as an Engine and helium as a fuel which keeps the star running that is ‘Alive’.

The core pushes the star outward and Gravity keeps pushing the star inwards. This fight between the equal forces keeps the star stable. But, this dramatic conflict comes to an end when the core of the star runs out of fuel (Helium) and Gravity wins. Then star starts to crunch inwards and suddenly explodes into a supernova. Before explosion it again inflates like a balloon into a Red Giant, Red color is due to the low temperature of the outer layer. Stars come in a range of colors: blue, white, green, yellow, orange, and Red. The red one is the lowest in temperature and the blue one is the higher in temperature; strange, isn’t it? The star becomes more luminous in the last stage and when it explodes then it can outshine the entire galaxy for a few days or even for months.

Stars are rich in gases, minerals, and metals like iron, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, etc. Hence, when these supernovas take place all the material is thrown into the universe. These events provide all the ingredients required for water and life. These events inspired Carl Sagan to say his iconic line, ‘We all are made up of star stuff.’

Scientists of Berkeley had been watching this star since January 2020 and after 9 months the first-ever observation of a supernova of a red giant is noted. This will really help to explore the stellar behavior and further research. The scientists are already on the quest of observing the next supernova after this SN2020tlf. There are many red giants in our night sky, Betelgeuse from the Orion constellation is also one of them. This first-time observation of such a violent event already opened a thousand doors to the answers to the stellar mysteries.

Find the research paper HERE!

Subscribe to our official YouTube channel to get 1 new video in every 2 days!

The post A Giant Red Star Explode Into A Supernova For The First Time appeared first on Go Physics.

• January 2 – Asteroid 20 Massalia at Opposition
• January 3-4 – Lunar Occultation of Uranus
• January 17 – The Alpha Centauri Meteor Shower
• January 21 – Venus at its Best
• January 29 – The conjunction of Venus and Mars

Watch this video for the complete visual explanation of the astronomy calendar of January 2022 –

Or continue reading…

New Moon- January 2

The moon will officially reach its new phase this Sunday. It will be located in Sagittarius at 1:33 p.m. EST or 18:33 GMT. It will become completely hidden from view for about a day. It will also result in large tides around the world.

Quadrantids Meteor Shower- January 3-4

This meteor shower will produce bright fireballs. It is derived from the asteroid called 2003EH. It produces up to 50-100 meteors per hour, when at peak. The peak is predicted to occur on Monday. Eastern Asia will have the best show before dawn on Tuesday. The peak will occur at 21:00 GMT or 4:00 p.m. EST. As a bonus, the night will be moonless.

Full Wolf Moon- January 17

On Monday, the first full moon of the year will shine near the stars of Gemini or Cancer. This full moon is known by different names- Wolf Moon, Moon after Yule, or Old Moon. It will be visible at 6:48 p.m. EST or 23:48 GMT. The January full moon will appear smaller than those of the rest of the year. Native American and Colonial Americans named this full Moon as FULL WOLF MOON. This is because wolves were more likely to be heard howling at this time.

Read Also: 

• Don’t Miss These Rare Astronomical Events of 2022 (Astronomy Calendar of 2022)
• 7 Best Stargazing Apps – Free Astronomy Apps For Androids & iPhones

The Pleiades- January 21

The group of cute little Seven Sisters also known as the Pleiades will be positioned high in the southern sky. The open star cluster is composed of medium-hot blue stars. Each star has a unique name- Asterope, Merope, Electra, Maia, Taygeta, Celaeno, and Alcyone. You can easily locate it. Just look above your head and a cozy group of star sisters will appear.

Moon With Mars And Venus- January 29

Early in the morning, the Moon will be in close proximity to Mars. Venus will also be visible along with these two. If you wake early, you’ll be able to locate the trio in the southeastern direction. The waning crescent moon will form a line with faint Mars and mighty Venus in the morning.

This is all for the first month of the year 2022. Here is the list of all astronomical events of February 2022.

Subscribe to our official YouTube channel to get 1 new video in every 2 days!

The post Astronomy Calendar of January 2022 appeared first on Go Physics.

• March 20 & September 23 – Northern Lights At Its Best
• March End – Trio of Planets Bunched Together
• April 30 – Partial Solar Eclipse
• May 1 – Venus And Jupiter Conjunction
• May 15 to May 16 – ‘Blood Flower Moon’ Eclipse
• June 14 – Biggest Full Moon
• August 13 – Perseids Meteor Shower
• October 25 – Partial Solar Eclipse
• November 8 – Total Lunar Eclipse
• December 14 – Geminids Meteor Shower

Watch this video for the complete visual explanation of the rarest astronomical events of 2022 –

Or continue reading…

March 20 & September 23 – Northern Lights At Its Best

During the equinoxes, there is a better line-up between the earth’s magnetosphere and the solar wind. It will produce the most beautiful patterns with bright colors. The northern lights will also shine with all their strength due to the increased solar activity.

March End -Trio of Planets Bunched Together

During the end of March, Mars, Saturn, and Venus will appear extremely close to each other. Those who wake up early will be able to witness the trio. The three planets will be gathered in the early morning sky. This will happen during the last two weeks of March.

April 30 – Partial Solar Eclipse

When the Moon covers only a part of the Sun’s disk in the sky, a partial solar eclipse occurs. The partial solar eclipse will appear on 30 April. It will be visible in parts of Antarctica and throughout southern South America. Use solar filters to look at the Sun and try to imitate the crescent moon.

May 1 – Venus And Jupiter Conjunction

Jupiter will appear to be next to Venus planet. It will appear just before sunrise. There is a vast distance between Venus and Jupiter. But sometimes, our field of view can do wonders. The celestial illusion will create sight in which both the planets will appear to be right next to each other. On 1st May, the two planets will be just 14 arcminutes apart.

May 15 to May 16 – ‘Blood Flower Moon’ Eclipse

A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth is perfectly aligned between the Moon and the Sun. The shadow of Earth blocks all the reflected light reaching from the Moon. It will be a major astronomical event of 2022 as the moon will turn into copper-red color. It will be visible from Canada, South America, and the US. The eclipse will last for 84 minutes.

June 14 – Biggest Full Moon

A supermoon occurs when there is a Full Moon, that is closest to the Earth. It results in a full moon that is slightly brighter and bigger than others. The first supermoon of 2022 will occur on June 14.

August 13 – Perseids Meteor Shower

Perseids are the most popular meteor shower in the Northern Hemisphere. It is associated with the comet Swift-Tuttle. It is capable of producing up to 100 meteors per hour. This year, the full moon will block up the visibility of the fireballs. The bright ones would still be visible regardless of the moonlit sky.

Read Also: 

• 7 Best Stargazing Apps – Free Astronomy Apps For Androids & iPhones
• 7 Best Space Movies of All Time Which You Must Watch

October 25 – Partial Solar Eclipse

This will be the last solar eclipse of the year. During the partial solar eclipse, the Moon partially covers the Sun’s disk. It will be visible from Europe, the Urals, Western Siberia, Central Asia, Western Asia, and the northeast of Africa. It will last for about 73 minutes.

November 8 – Total Lunar Eclipse

The final lunar eclipse of 2022 will take place before sunrise. The Moon will turn copper-red once again. That makes it a potentially majestic eclipse. This will be the final chance to witness the Blood Moon. It is not happening again until 2025. It will be visible from North America, Australia, and Southeast Asia. It will last for 84 minutes.

December 14 – Geminids Meteor Shower

Geminids meteor shower is one of the strongest meteor showers. It produces bright and intensely multi-colored meteors. It generates up to 120 meteors per hour every year. The radiant of the stream is located in the constellation Gemini. However, this year, the nearly full Moon will contest the shower. The best time to watch the meteor shower will be before the Moonrise.

These are the significant astronomical events of the year 2022. We need a pollution-free clear sky to witness the greatness of the universe. Let’s work together to keep our precious planet free from pollution.

Want to explore more night sky events? Don’t worry, here is a list of all monthly astronomical events of 2022 (This list will be updated every month of 2022) –

• Astronomical Events of January 2022
• Astronomical Events of February 2022

Subscribe to our official YouTube channel to get 1 new video in every 2 days!

The post Don’t Miss These Rare Astronomical Events of 2022 appeared first on Go Physics.

Watch this video for the complete visual explanation of 7 Most Significant Scientific Discoveries of 2021 –

Or continue reading…

Here are our favorite 7 moments worth sharing with you all –

1. Helicopter in Another Planet

NASA’s highly advanced perseverance rover landed on Mars in February. It resulted in the first-ever aircraft to make a controlled flight on another planet. It was NASA’s solar-powered Ingenuity Mars Helicopter that made headlines in April 2021. The spacecraft will spend the next two years on the red planet.

2. The 5ᵗʰ Fundamental Force

The rate at which the orientation of muons’ magnetic poles lurched was different from theoretical predictions. This is following the research with the experiment with Muon g-2 at Fermilab in Batavia. This odd behavior suggests that some hidden particles are influencing the magnetic properties of muons. It also gives a hint towards the fifth fundamental force.

3. The Detailed View of a Sunspot Ever

A team of scientists from Hawaii captured the most detailed image of a sunspot at the world’s largest solar observatory. The technique of adaptive optics they used, corrects the light distortions created by molecules of our atmosphere. The darkest part of the image reflects the coldest region. For the Sun, the coldest part means 200 times hotter than the room temperature. 

4. Cosmic Hum Detected By Voyager 1

NASA’s Voyager 1 detected a mysterious humming sound in interstellar space, 14 billion miles from earth. This discovery confirmed that interstellar space is not completely vacuum. The persistent “hum” represented the background noise present in the immense regions between the star medium. 

5. The Map of The Dark Matter

A group of 400 scientists obtained the largest ever map of dark matter. The amount of dark matter can be calculated by observing the light that reaches us. Distorted light points towards a huge amount of matter that is bending the light. This is called gravitational lensing. The dark matter magnifies the light from distant galaxies behind it. The map covers the southern hemisphere sky. 

Read Also: 

• The New Dark Matter Map Reveals Cosmic Mystery
• 7 Best Stargazing Apps – Free Astronomy Apps For Androids & iPhones

6. James Webb Space Telescope Launched

After 30 years of planning and development, we launched the greatest telescope in the history of astronomy. It is headed to a location known as the Second Lagrange point. It took over 27 days to trek the 15,00,000 km distance from earth. It promises to provide a glimpse of the universe as it existed when the earliest galaxies formed. 

Watch – Nasa’s James Webb Space Telescope has reached its final destination 😍

7. Megastructure Of Galaxies Identified

The galaxy size smudge on the night sky was believed to be the remnant of a long-ago supernova. But a recent study of X-ray data revealed a matching smudge on the other side of the Milky Way. It depicts that there is a pair of galaxy size bubbles 45,000 light-years across. Astronomers believe that it might be the evidence of an eruption million years ago.

These are the most exciting scientific discoveries of 2021. Let’s move forward with the hope that 2022 will be as awesome as 2021. 

The post 7 Most Significant Scientific Discoveries of 2021 appeared first on Go Physics.

• February 5 – Asteroid 20 Massalia at Opposition
• February 7 – Lunar Occultation of Uranus
• February 8 – The Alpha Centauri Meteor Shower
• February 9 – Venus at its Best
• February 12 – The conjunction of Venus and Mars
• February 16 – Snow Moon

Watch this video for the complete visual explanation of every night sky events of February 2022 –

Or continue reading…

Asteroid 20 Massalia at Opposition: February 5

The asteroid 20 Massalia will be at the Opposition on the 5th of February. It means the asteroid will be just opposite the Sun. The earth will be in the middle. This is the best chance to observe the asteroid. It will be brightly illuminated. Though you will need a telescope.

Lunar Occultation of Uranus: February 7

The moon will directly pass through Uranus. The Uranus will hide behind the Moon. It will be visible to those who live in the South Atlantic Ocean. But don’t worry if you are not living there. Because an occultation occurs almost every month.

The Alpha Centauri Meteor Shower: February 8

The Alpha Centauri Meteor Shower will peak on the night of Feb 8. It comes into action from January 28. It stays till Feb 21. It is in the constellation centaurus. It produces around 2.5 meteors every hour. It will be visible only in the southern hemisphere.

Read Also: 

• Don’t Miss These Rare Astronomical Events of 2022 (Astronomy Calendar of 2022)
• 7 Best Stargazing Apps – Free Astronomy Apps For Androids & iPhones

Venus at its Best: February 9

On Feb 9, Venus will shine with all its might. It will be the brightest, shining at a magnitude of -4.5. It will be visible low above the southeastern horizon.

The conjunction of Venus and Mars: February 12

Venus and Mars will rise in the same direction and angle. On the morning of Feb 12, they will be close to each other.

Snow Moon: Feb 16

The full moon will appear on 16 Feb. This moon is also known as Snow Moon. It is named after the snow on the ground in the Northern Hemisphere. It is also named ‘The Hunger Moon’ by the North American Tribes. It is because of the lack of food sources during mid-winter.

These are the night sky events of February 2022. Even being a dormant month, February promises us some spectacular events. So be ready with your telescope to witness the brilliance!

Subscribe to our official YouTube channel to get 1 new video in every 2 days!

The post The Amazing Night Sky Events of February 2022 appeared first on Go Physics.

He was an American physicist and deputy administrator of NASA for 7 years who studied the aerodynamics of high speed. He headed the National Defence Research Committee during WWII. It developed the first successful US missile, the Bat radar-homing missile.

He was a German-American physicist who helped to shape classical physics into quantum physics. He also increased the understanding of the atomic processes responsible for the properties of matter and of the forces governing the structures of atomic nuclei. He studies nuclear reactions and reaction cross-sections. In 1943, he was asked to be the head of the Theoretical Division at Los Alamos on the Manhattan Project. He also received the Noble prize for physics (1967) for his work on the production of energy in stars.

He was a German-British physicist who worked on lowering temperatures below the point previously done by the Joule-Thomson effect. His work reached a low of 20 millionths of a degree above absolute zero. He used paramagnetic molecules at low temperatures and allowed their orientation to randomize. It abstracted the further heat and lowered the temperature still further.

He was a British scientist in solid-state physics who was a joint winner of the Noble Prize for physics for research on the determination of crystal structures in 1915. During WW I, he was appointed as an incharge of research on the detection and measurement of underwater sounds in connection with the location of submarines. He also constructed the wavelengths of X-rays. He was knighted in 1920.

She was a Canadian nuclear physicist who contributed a lot to the new science of radioactivity. She was probably the first to observe the recoil of the atomic nucleus during the emission of the nuclear particles at radioactive decay. Along with Rutherford, she demonstrated that the diffusion of the emanations of radium behaved like gas as well as had a high molecular weight. She died due to leukemia.

He was an American astronomer who is known for discovering the 4 satellites of Jupiter. While photographing the 8th moon of Jupiter with the 36-inch Crossley reflector in 1914, he discovered the 9th satellite. He discovered two more satellites while working at Mt. Wilson Observatory. He also computed the orbits of several comets. His work was to observe the sun with the 150-foot solar tower telescope and to produce annual reports on sunspot activity. He measured the temperature of the moon, sunspots, and stars with Edison Pettit.

The post July 2 in Physics History: Birthdays, Deaths & Discoveries appeared first on Go Physics.

He was a German Physicist and a satirical writer, who researched a wide variety of fields such as, metrology, chemistry, mathematics, and astronomy. He constructed use electrophorus and discovered the basic principle of modern xerographic copying in 1777. He reproduced images that are still called “Lichtenberg figures”. He is also known for his aphorisms and his ridicule of romantic and metaphysical excesses.

He was a Soviet astrophysicist who linked x-ray stars to binary systems containing neutron stars. He identified the continuum radiation of the Crab Nebula as synchrotron radiation. He showed that the corona of the sun had a temperature of the order of a million Kelvin. He suggested that the cause of mass extinction might have resulted from the cosmic rays ejected from past supernovae. He wrote many books including Intelligent Life in the Universe. He was awarded the Bruce Medal in 1972.

He was an Australian-English physicist and X-ray crystallographer who shared the Noble Prize in 1915 with his father. He formulated the fundamentals for the determination of crystal structure, also known as Bragg law. It relates the wavelengths of X-rays, the angle of incidence on a crystal, and the spacing of crystal planes for X-ray diffraction. The Braggs showed that sodium chloride does not have individual molecules in the solid and worked out the crystal structures of many substances.

He was an English physicist and government administrator. He claimed that there were two cultures- the literary intellectuals and the scientists- who didn’t understand and trust each other. He made this statement in his controversial 1959 Rede Lecture called The Two Cultures and The Scientific Revolution. He noted that literary theorists had begun to use the word “intellectual” to refer only to themselves. He asked a group of literary intellectuals to tell him about the second law of Thermodynamics, which he called the scientific equivalent of “Have you read a work of Shakespeare?”. After that, this debate has continued.

The first x-ray photograph of a human body was taken in a one-second exposure in 1934. This was done by using ordinary clinical conditions. A selective filter was used for the first time and exhibited by the Chicago Roentgen Society at the Century of Progress Exhibition.

The post July 1 in Physics History: Birthdays, Deaths & Discoveries appeared first on Go Physics.